ATG9 — Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c

Summary

YDL149W in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c encodes a protein with phospholipid scramblase activity, placing it in the autophagy-related protein 9 family. The gene is associated with a wide range of autophagy-related processes, including micropexophagy, mitophagy, ER-phagy, pexophagy, macroautophagy, and microautophagy, as well as phospholipid translocation, lipid transport, vesicle tethering, and the ERAD pathway. It localizes to the phagophore, pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS), and membranes of the ER, Golgi, and cytoplasmic vesicles. Phenotypically, YDL149W is linked to decreased viability, sporulation defects, reduced starvation and desiccation resistance, decreased chronological lifespan, and impaired invasive growth and biofilm formation. It also shows connections to oxidative stress and altered nitrogen utilization. Related genes in other species link the family to autophagosome formation.