HRD1 — Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c

Summary

YOL013C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c encodes a protein with ubiquitin ligase activity and zinc-binding capacity, localizing to the ER membrane as part of the Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex. The gene is associated with the ERAD pathway, protein folding, transport, glycosylation, proteolysis, autophagy, and cell death. It is linked to lipid metabolism, including sterol and saponin anabolism, as well as adiposome formation and sterol homeostasis. Phenotypic associations include increased invasive growth, replicative lifespan, and oxidative stress resistance, alongside decreased UV resistance, heat sensitivity, and toxin resistance. The gene is also connected to abnormal vacuolar morphology, altered protein accumulation and distribution, and changes in competitive fitness and vegetative growth rate. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to RING-type ubiquitin ligase activity.