BAM1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.4HG0331880 (HvBAM1) on barley chromosome 4H encodes a beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) with a glycoside hydrolase family 14 domain, and also carries a BES1_N domain and DNA-binding transcription factor activity. The gene is associated with maltose anabolism, polysaccharide breakdown, and β-amylase activity. It has been linked to seed development, grain weight, protein content, photosynthetic rate, and responses to water, cold, osmotic stress, and herbivory. Associations also include protophloem differentiation, leaf growth and development, stomatal opening, xylem patterning, callose deposition, and programmed cell death. The protein localises to the nucleus, cytosol, chloroplast stroma, ER, and extracellular space. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to starch metabolism, shoot apical meristem maintenance, and dehydration stress response.