ARF3 — Verticillium dahliae

Summary

VDAG_02610, designated VdARF3 (also known as ARF3, VdARF6, or ARF6) in Verticillium dahliae on chromosome DS572698, encodes a small GTPase of the ARF/SAR family with GTP-binding, GTPase, and G protein activities, and is annotated as a protein membrane adaptor. The gene is associated with multiple cellular processes including ER-to-Golgi and vesicle transport, protein transport and folding, tubulin assembly, regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, positive regulation of mitotic entry, cell growth mode switching from monopolar to bipolar, and cellular response to AOS. It localizes to the microtubule cytoskeleton, division septum, cell cortex, Golgi complex, plasmalemma, and interphase nodes. Phenotypic associations include abnormal spore germination and filamentous growth, absent bipolar budding, altered cell cycle progression, decreased cytokinesis, increased anaerobic growth, and changes in desiccation and freeze-thaw resistance. Related genes in other species link the family to GTPase activity (EC 3.6.5.2) and, in some cases, unaffected pathogenicity.