HMA4 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD4AV1G003010 (HMA4) on durum wheat chromosome 4A encodes a P-type ATPase A domain-containing protein with annotated P-type divalent and monovalent copper transporter activity, cadmium exporting ATPase activity, and P-type zinc transporter activity. The gene is associated with copper ion membrane transport, cellular copper ion homeostasis, detoxification of copper ion, and response to copper. It has been linked to traits including copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, arsenic concentration, high temperature stress response, oxidative stress response, germination rate, leaf senescence, flowering time, root morphology, and stomatal opening and closure. Localisation annotations include vacuolar membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and chloroplast envelope. Related genes in other species link the family to histone H3 lysine 4 methylation, flowering time, and defense response, as well as to grain zinc and iron content, grain yield, and tiller number.