HSP21 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD4AV1G033110, also known as TtHSP21 or TtHSP26, encodes an HSP20-like chaperone with a SHSP domain on durum wheat chromosome 4A. The gene product is associated with NAD-L-malate dehydrogenase activity, AAA chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity, and disulphide bond formation. TtHSP21 is linked to protein folding, response to heat, cold, hydrogen peroxide, light, salinity, and osmotic stress, as well as detoxification, chloroplast organization, plastid transcription, embryo development, and defence against bacteria. It localizes to chloroplast structures including the thylakoid membrane, envelope, stroma, and nucleoid, and is connected to the Ycf2/FtsHi complex and plastid RNA polymerase complex. The gene has been associated with thermomemory, heat tolerance, oxidative stress tolerance, plastid genome stability, and stomatal resistance. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to grain size, weight, yield, germination, chlorophyll content, and drought tolerance.