HSP21 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD4AV1G033200 (symbol HSP21) on durum wheat chromosome 4A encodes a protein with an HSP20-like chaperone domain and annotated NAD-L-malate dehydrogenase activity, AAA chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity, and disulphide bond formation. It is associated with protein folding, response to heat, cold, hydrogen peroxide, light, salinity, and osmotic stress, as well as detoxification, plastid transcription, chloroplast organization, embryo development, and defence against bacteria. The protein localizes to the chloroplast stroma, thylakoid, envelope, inner membrane, nucleoid, and stromule, and is part of the Ycf2/FtsHi complex and plastid-encoded RNA polymerase complex. Associations include heat tolerance, thermomemory, plastid genome stability, oxidative stress tolerance, chaperone activity, redox response, and stomatal resistance. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to grain size, weight, yield, germination, chlorophyll content, and drought tolerance.