HSP21 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD4AV1G033120, designated TtHSP21 (also known as TtHSP26), on durum wheat chromosome 4A encodes a protein with an HSP21-like domain, an A-crystallin/Hsp20 domain, and an HSP20-like chaperone domain. The product is associated with NAD-L-malate dehydrogenase activity, AAA chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity, disulphide bond formation, and protein binding. It is linked to malate metabolism, chloroplast stroma protein import, plastid transcription, chloroplast organization, detoxification, and responses to heat, cold, light, osmotic stress, and bacterial defence. The protein localizes to the plastid stroma, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, envelope, and nucleoid, as well as the Ycf2/FtsHi and plastid-encoded RNA polymerase complexes. Associations include heat tolerance, thermomemory, plastid genome stability, oxidative stress tolerance, and chaperone activity. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to grain yield, grain weight, seed germination, chlorophyll content, and drought tolerance.