C4H — Lactuca sativa

Summary

LsC4H, encoded by the garden lettuce gene LSAT_V11C900461990 on chromosome 9, is a cytochrome P450 enzyme with trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase activity, binding heme and iron. It is associated with phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, lignin, terpenoid and ubiquinone anabolism, as well as responses to wounding and light, and developmental processes including pollen development. The gene has been linked to lignin deposition and biosynthesis, monolignol biosynthesis, Casparian strip formation, male fertility, plant growth, root length, lateral and adventitious root development, auxin transport, UV-B protection, and hyperhydricity. The protein localises to the endoplasmic reticulum, membrane, plasmalemma, nucleus, Golgi, vacuole, plasmodesmata, cell wall and extracellular space. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to lignification, dwarfism, altered phenylpropanoid metabolism, male sterility and abiotic stress adaptation.