AMY1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.6HG0617430 (HvAMY1) on barley chromosome 6H encodes an alpha-amylase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.1) with a glycoside hydrolase family 13 catalytic domain. The gene is associated with seed germination, endosperm development, embryo development ending in seed dormancy, and responses to gibberellin and abscisic acid. It is associated with carbohydrate metabolism, sucrose breakdown, and sumoylation, with protein tag, SUMO transferase, SUMO binding, kinase binding, calcium ion binding, and protein binding activities. HvAMY1 localises to the apoplast, chloroplast stroma, cytosol, cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular regions. Associations include grain filling period, reproductive period, seed size, flowering time, grain chalkiness, starch degradation, stomatal opening, osmotic stress tolerance, starch granule biosynthesis and initiation, heat stress response, defense gene expression, basal immunity, and viral resistance. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to transitory starch breakdown and osmotic stress response.