AMY1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.6HG0617500 (HvAMY1) on chromosome 6H encodes an alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) with a glycoside hydrolase domain and is also annotated for SUMO transferase activity, SUMO binding, protein tag, kinase binding, calcium ion binding, and protein binding. The gene is associated with sucrose breakdown, endosperm development, seed germination, embryo development ending in seed dormancy, sumoylation, structural organization, and response to gibberellin and abscisic acid. It localizes to the apoplast, chloroplast stroma, extracellular region, cytosol, cytoplasm, and nucleus. HvAMY1 is linked to reproductive period, grain filling period, seed size, abscisic acid sensitivity, and flowering time. Phenotypic associations include grain chalkiness, stress response, starch degradation, stomatal opening, osmotic stress tolerance, starch granule biosynthesis and initiation, heat stress response, defense gene expression, basal immunity, viral resistance, and protein stability. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to transitory starch breakdown and osmotic stress response, and to submergence and drought stress responses, seed starch content, and alpha-amylase activity.