PEN1 — Arabidopsis thaliana

Summary

AT3G11820 (PEN1, also known as SYP121 or SYR1) encodes a syntaxin-family t-SNARE protein that is annotated as a protein membrane adaptor and is associated with Kir channel activity and water channel activity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PEN1 is linked to penetration resistance against non-host pathogens, papillary callose accumulation, potassium acquisition and transport, water use efficiency, cadmium accumulation, and secretory trafficking to the plasma membrane. The gene has been connected to numerous traits including leaf color, turgor pressure, starch mobilization, cellulose content, root and shoot development, flowering time, stomatal opening and closure, abscisic acid sensitivity, and disease tolerance. It localizes to the trans-Golgi network, endomembrane system, cell plate, and vesicles, and is associated with SNARE complex assembly, endocytic recycling, cell wall cellulose biosynthesis, and glucosinolate breakdown. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to resistance to Phytophthora infestans and tuber yield.