HD3A — Sorghum bicolor

Summary

SORBI_3010G045100, designated HD3A (also known as RFT1, VRN3, SbRFT1, SbVRN3) on sorghum chromosome 10, encodes a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP family). The gene is associated with the regulation of flowering time, including response to short-day photoperiods, photoperiodism, and the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. It is linked to vernalization response, flower development, and cell differentiation. Associations with agronomic traits include plant vegetative period, maturity time, grain filling period, and anthesis time. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to heading date, spikelet number, grain traits, and frost tolerance, though these are not established for sorghum itself.