PAL1 — Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

Summary

BoPAL1 (PAL1) on chromosome 4 of cauliflower encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, an enzyme with ammonia-lyase activity. The gene is associated with the biosynthesis of lignin, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and salicylic acid, as well as with responses to UV-B light, wounding, oxidative stress, and drought recovery. It has been linked to tolerance of freezing, salt stress, and copper stress, and to resistance against bacterial pathogens, Cucumber mosaic virus, and nematodes. Associations also include negative regulation of cytokinin signalling, macroautophagy, and programmed cell death. The encoded protein localises to the cytosol and cytoplasm. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to phenylalanine metabolism, methyl salicylate production, and herbivore defence.