PAL — Brachypodium distachyon

Summary

BRADI_3G49250V3 (BdPAL) on chromosome 3 of Brachypodium distachyon encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) with phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and ammonia-lyase activities, and also possesses DNA-binding transcription factor activity and protein dimerization activity. The gene is associated with the breakdown of L-phenylalanine and salicylic acid, cinnamic acid and salicylic acid biosynthesis, lignin breakdown, regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, ethylene biosynthesis, negative regulation of cytokinin signalling, drought recovery, response to low humidity, guard cell fate commitment, guard mother cell differentiation, and protein arginylation. It is linked to IAA content, photosynthetic rate, UV light sensitivity, and numerous stress and defence responses including pathogen resistance, salt stress tolerance, freezing tolerance, and herbicide resistance. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to traits such as bacterial blight resistance, sheath blight resistance, fall armyworm resistance, stem strength, forage yield, and aluminium tolerance.