APL2 — Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Summary

BvAPL2 (BVRB_1G007110) on sugar beet chromosome 1 encodes an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) large subunit, a member of the NTP_transferase superfamily with ADGase activity and ATP binding. The enzyme localises to the amyloplast and the glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex. BvAPL2 is associated with starch and glycogen anabolism, secondary growth, and NO storage. It is linked to photosynthetic rate, stem and fruit development, root elongation, carbon partitioning, and herbicide tolerance, including atrazine tolerance. The gene is also associated with seed development, root gravitropism, and stress response. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to starch concentration, sugar content, seed weight, and yield-related traits such as stem dry weight and fruit weight.