P5CS1 — Arabidopsis thaliana

Summary

AT2G39800, known as P5CS1 in Arabidopsis thaliana on chromosome 2, encodes a bifunctional enzyme with glutamate 5-kinase and glutamylphosphate reductase activities, functioning as delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase. P5CS1 is associated with osmotic stress tolerance, drought resistance, heat tolerance, root elongation, pollen development, and proline accumulation. The gene is linked to responses to water stress, abscisic acid regulation, and dark adaptation. It localizes to the cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi complex, and plasmodesmata. Associations with traits such as glyphosate sensitivity, photosynthetic rate, flowering time, plant height, and germination rate have been noted. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to leaf water content, chlorophyll content, and water use efficiency.