A2 — Zea mays

Summary

ZM00001EB229190, the A2 gene on maize chromosome 5, encodes a non-haem dioxygenase N-terminal domain-containing protein belonging to the plant 2OG-oxidoreductase family. The enzyme exhibits oxidoreductase activity acting on paired donors with 2-oxoglutarate, including leucocyanidin oxygenase, flavonol synthase, and flavanone 3-dioxygenase activities, and binds vitamin C and metals. A2 is associated with anthocyanin and coumarin biosynthesis pathways, specifically leucocyanidin oxygenase reactions and the production of delphinidin, pelargonidin, and cyanidin glucosides. The gene is linked to aleurone layer color and response to fungal molecules, and its product localizes to the cytoplasm. Studies of related genes in other species further connect this family to anthocyanin biosynthesis.