HPD — Zea mays

Summary

ZM00001EB232960, designated ZmHPD (also known as HPPD, PDS1), encodes a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) on maize chromosome 5. This enzyme is associated with the conversion of HPP to HGTA and is linked to tyrosine degradation, plastoquinone and vitamin E biosynthesis, and carotenoid and chlorophyll metabolism. The gene has been linked to seed germination, seedling development, plant height, grain yield, crop stand, and carotenoid and chlorophyll content. It is also associated with response to herbicide, detoxification, cellular respiration, and homologous recombination. The protein localises to the cytosol, mitochondria, and extracellular space. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to herbicide binding and response, tocopherol composition, and tocotrienol production, as well as herbicide tolerance and resistance.