HMA4 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD7BV1G061830 (symbol HMA4) in durum wheat chromosome 7B encodes a heavy-metal-associated (HMA) domain-containing protein with P-type ATPase domains, annotated as a P-type divalent and monovalent copper transporter, zinc transporter, cadmium-exporting ATPase, and potassium:proton transporter. It is associated with copper ion detoxification and homeostasis, sodium and potassium ion export, cellular hyperosmotic salinity response, proton export across the plasma membrane, cell pH regulation, calcium ion homeostasis, and response to toxic substances. The protein localises to the vacuolar membrane, plasma membrane, and general membrane. Related genes in other species link this family to heavy metal transport and stress responses.