ARD — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD4BV1G165670, designated TtARD on durum wheat chromosome 4B, encodes a protein with acireductone dioxygenase (Ni²⁺- and Fe²⁺-requiring) activity, also annotated with peroxidase, GTPase, and transcriptional co-regulator functions, and belongs to the ARD_euk and RmlC-like cupin superfamily. The gene is associated with chloroplast photosystem I localization and stabilization, photosynthetic NADP⁺ reduction, cell redox homeostasis, and hydrogen peroxide catabolism. It is linked to seed longevity, heading time, leaf and organ morphogenesis, and responses to high temperature, osmotic stress, and viral disease. Associations also include seed yield, root mass density, nitrate uptake, jasmonic acid content, and stomatal closure. Related genes in other species link the family to submergence adaptation, salt tolerance, root architecture, and viral defense.