ACS — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD4BV1G184230 (symbol ACS, preferred name TtACS) in durum wheat chromosome 4B encodes a 4-coumarate–CoA ligase, an enzyme with acetate-CoA ligase, propionate-CoA ligase, and medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activities (EC 6.2.1.12). The gene is associated with phenylpropanoid and cinnamic acid metabolism, phytoalexin biosynthesis, and green leaf volatile biosynthetic processes. It is linked to responses to jasmonic acid and ethylene, as well as circadian rhythm. The encoded protein localises to the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol. Additionally, TtACS is associated with stripe rust. Studies of related genes in other species link the broader acyl-activating enzyme family to additional CoA ligase activities (EC 6.2.1.17, 6.2.1.1, 6.2.1.78), though these are not established for this durum wheat gene.