AMY1.3 — Triticum aestivum

Summary

TRAESCS4D02G284400 (symbol AMY1.3, TaAMY1) on wheat chromosome 4D encodes an alpha-amylase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.1) with a glycoside hydrolase family 13 catalytic domain. The gene is associated with alpha-amylase activity, seed starch content, and responses to submergence and drought stress in wheat. It has been linked to grain chalkiness, starch degradation and breakdown, grain filling period, reproductive period, flowering time, abscisic acid sensitivity, and drought tolerance. The encoded protein localises to the apoplast, chloroplast stroma, cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular space. The gene is also annotated to biological processes including seed germination, response to gibberellin, response to abscisic acid, embryo development ending in seed dormancy, sucrose breakdown, sumoylation, and structural organization. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to grain dry weight, starch concentration, and germination percentage.