B1 — Triticum aestivum
Summary
TRAESCS4D02G314400 (symbol B1, also known as TaBCH2-4D and TaDSM2-4D) on bread wheat chromosome 4D encodes a beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.15.24) belonging to the fatty acid hydroxylase/BETA-OHASE-like family. The enzyme is associated with carotene metabolism and localises to the chloroplast membrane. In wheat, B1 is linked to awn absence and awn development, and is associated with cold tolerance, grain yield, and altered seed carotenoid profiles including increased beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls. The gene is also associated with regulation of apoptotic process, defense responses (callose deposition, systemic acquired resistance, innate immune response), stress-activated MAPK cascades, salicylic and jasmonic acid anabolism, and photoacclimation. Coexpression studies link B1 to stress-responsive regulators including WRKY46, NAC58, and CBF5. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to carotenoid content, grain color, drought tolerance, and plant height.
Annotations
- Chromosome
- 4D
- Related genes
- B1, CBF5, HOX24, B2, HSFC2A, AIN1, NAC58, WRKY46
- GO terms
- GO:0009991, GO:1903507, GO:0000186, protein synthesis, NO storage, Regulation Of Cell Population Proliferation, iron binding, carotenoid anabolism
- Publications
- 21388418, 25793376, 25781018, PMID:20221689, PMID:23396829, PMID:31010822, PMID:18650403, PMID:42109302
- Traits
- β-carotene accumulation, seed germination, Reduced carotenoid levels in seeds, decreased xanthophyll content, Reduced xanthophyll synthesis in leaves, altered carotenoid composition, High lutein content, Severely reduced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), Reduced Beta-Carotene to Beta-Xanthophyll Conversion, Normal chlorophyll a/b ratio