HMA4 — Sorghum bicolor

Summary

SORBI_3004G079900 (SbHMA4) on chromosome 4 encodes a protein with heavy-metal-associated domains and P-type ATPase domains, and is annotated with P-type divalent copper transporter activity and EC 7.2.2.8. The gene is associated with copper ion transport, cellular copper ion homeostasis, and detoxification of copper ion, as well as with proton export across the plasma membrane, cell pH regulation, and peptidyl-lysine methylation. It has been linked to traits including copper sensitivity, biomass yield, drought tolerance, germination rate, flowering time, leaf senescence, stomatal opening, root and flower development, and responses to oxidative stress, high temperature, and arsenic. Localisation evidence connects the product to the vacuolar membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and endosome. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to histone H3K4 methylation, dehydration stress response, and defense response, as well as to grain yield, grain zinc and iron content, and heading date.