PR1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.5HG0519340 (HvPR1) on barley chromosome 5H encodes a protein containing a CAP (cysteine-rich secretory protein) domain, characteristic of the PR-1 family. The gene is associated with cytokine activity and protein binding. HvPR1 is linked to activation of immune response, defense against bacteria and herbivores, and responses to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, and wounding. It has been connected to systemic acquired resistance, disease resistance, and salt tolerance, as well as leaf senescence, embryogenesis, and sexual reproduction. The protein localizes to the extracellular space, plant-type cell wall, vacuole, and secretory vesicles. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to salicylic acid-mediated defense, pathogen resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance, though these functions are not yet established in barley.