AMY1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.5HG0486500 (HvAMY1) on barley chromosome 5H encodes an alpha-amylase, a glycoside hydrolase family 13 enzyme (EC 3.2.1.1). The gene is associated with seed germination, endosperm development, embryo development ending in seed dormancy, and responses to gibberellin and abscisic acid. It has been linked to grain filling period, reproductive period, seed size, flowering time, and abscisic acid sensitivity. Associations include grain chalkiness, starch degradation, starch granule biosynthesis and initiation, osmotic stress tolerance, stomatal opening, heat stress response, defense gene expression, basal immunity, viral resistance, and protein stability. The protein localises to the apoplast, chloroplast stroma, cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular space. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to transitory starch breakdown and osmotic stress response, and to submergence and drought stress responses, seed starch content, and alpha-amylase activity.