BAM1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.4HG0412150 (HvBAM1) on chromosome 4H encodes a beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) with a glycoside hydrolase family 14 domain and also exhibits DNA-binding transcription factor activity. The gene is associated with maltose anabolism, polysaccharide breakdown, and responses to water, cold, herbivore, and ethylene signalling. It has been linked to photosynthetic rate, grain weight, and protein content. Associations include seed development, programmed cell death, regulation of shoot development, and immune response. The protein localises to the chloroplast stroma, cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and extracellular space. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to leaf starch breakdown, osmotic stress tolerance, and stomatal opening, as well as yield, stress tolerance, and seed germination.