HINA — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.5HG0420110, designated HINA, encodes a protein with domains characteristic of bifunctional inhibitors, lipid-transfer proteins, and seed storage proteins, and is annotated with serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, nutrient reservoir activity, and toxin activity. In barley, HINA is associated with endosperm development, defence response to bacteria, and localises to the extracellular region and membrane. The gene is linked to grain tenderness, dry matter digestibility, grain weight, protein content, and thousand-grain weight, as well as kernel hardness and grain width. Studies of related genes in other species connect the HINA family to grain texture, seed hardness, flour yield, starch digestibility, seed protein content, stripe rust tolerance, and pathogen resistance.