GS1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.4HG0395540 (HvGS1) on barley chromosome 4H encodes a glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2). The gene is associated with nitrogen utilization, nitrate assimilation, photorespiration, and the ammonia assimilation cycle. It is linked to grain yield, grain filling period, protein content, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf senescence, and flowering time. Additional associations include responses to salt, nitrate, and cadmium, as well as leaf development, starch grain synthesis, and regulation of gene expression. The encoded protein localises to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane, chloroplast envelope, stroma, cytosol, and plant-type vacuole. Studies of related genes in other species connect the glutamine synthetase family to grain nitrogen content, seedling vigour, drought and salt stress tolerance, and nitrogen remobilisation.