CKX1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.3HG0318720 (HvCKX1) on barley chromosome 3H encodes a cytokinin dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.12) with FAD binding and oxidoreductase activity, placing it in the cytokinin dehydrogenase family. The gene is associated with cytokinin breakdown, metabolism, and signaling, as well as meristem, inflorescence, and seed development. Observed in barley, HvCKX1 is linked to root surface area and root hair number. Additional associations include root system architecture, grain number per panicle, plant height, tiller number, flowering time, photosynthetic rate, and disease tolerance. The encoded protein localizes to plastids, chloroplast envelope, ER lumen, vacuole, cytosol, and nucleus. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to grain yield, root and shoot growth, salinity tolerance, and photosynthesis.