P5CS — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.3HG0302060 (P5CS) on barley chromosome 3H encodes a bifunctional enzyme with glutamate 5-kinase (EC 2.7.2.11) and glutamylphosphate reductase (EC 1.2.1.41) activities, together comprising D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase. This gene is associated with proline biosynthesis and breakdown, the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and responses to desiccation, oxidative stress, hyperosmotic salinity, and stress generally. It is linked to stomatal closure, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf senescence, root and lateral root development, embryo development, and the transition to flowering. Traits associated with P5CS include proline content, grain yield, grain filling period, plant height, rooting depth, root length and width, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal resistance, and salinity tolerance. The gene is also associated with salt tolerance, drought response, freezing tolerance, pollen fertility, and reactive oxygen species accumulation.