AMY1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.2HG0164800 (HvAMY1) on barley chromosome 2H encodes an alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) with a glycoside hydrolase family 13 catalytic domain. The gene is associated with seed germination, endosperm development, embryo development ending in seed dormancy, programmed cell death, and responses to gibberellin and abscisic acid. It has been linked to sucrose breakdown, starch anabolism, sumoylation, and NO storage. The encoded protein localises to the apoplast, chloroplast stroma, cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular space. Associations with grain chalkiness, seed size, grain filling period, reproductive period, and flowering time have been reported. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to transitory starch breakdown, osmotic stress tolerance, and stomatal opening, as well as submergence and drought stress responses, seed starch content, and alpha-amylase activity.