CKX1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.2HG0182650 (HvCKX1) on barley chromosome 2H encodes a cytokinin dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.12) with FAD binding and oxidoreductase activity, placing it in the cytokinin dehydrogenase family. The gene is associated with cytokinin breakdown and metabolism, meristem and seed development, immune and defense responses, and stomatal complex morphogenesis. In barley, HvCKX1 has been linked to root surface area and root hair number. It is also associated with cytokinin content, tiller number, plant height, flowering time, photosynthetic rate, leaf morphology, chloroplast development, root length, and disease tolerance. Additional associations include grain number, seed size and yield, biomass production, heat and drought tolerance, root system architecture, and shoot apical meristem size. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to grain yield, root growth, and salinity tolerance.