ADH — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.2HG0123970, designated HvADH, encodes an alcohol dehydrogenase on barley chromosome 2H. The enzyme exhibits S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD+ and NADP+) activity, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (NADH) activity, and aldo-keto reductase activity, and binds zinc and calcium. HvADH is associated with ethanol fermentation, cellular respiration, and responses to hypoxia, flooding, hydrogen peroxide, and sucrose. It localises to the cytosol, plastid, mitochondria, nucleus, and plasmalemma. The gene is associated with grain yield, grain dry weight, seed size, germination rate, protein content, photosynthetic rate, leaf senescence, and tolerance to drought, low temperature, submergence, waterlogging, and salt stress. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to hypoxia tolerance, cold stress resistance, and formaldehyde detoxification.