BAM1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.1HG0040990 (HvBAM1) on barley chromosome 1H encodes a beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) with a glycoside hydrolase family 14 domain, and also exhibits DNA-binding transcription factor activity. The gene is associated with maltose anabolism, polysaccharide breakdown, and responses to water, cold, herbivore, and ethylene signalling. It has been linked to photosynthetic rate, grain weight, and protein content. Associations include leaf starch breakdown, drought tolerance, freezing tolerance, osmotic stress response, stomatal opening, virus movement, and resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina. The product localises to the nucleus, cytosol, chloroplast stroma, endoplasmic reticulum, and extracellular space. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to starch metabolism, shoot apical meristem maintenance, and xylem patterning.