ARF — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_030433, designated DcARF, encodes a small GTPase of the ARF1-5-like family, possessing GTP-binding, G protein, phosphatidylinositol kinase, phospholipase activator, and actin-binding activities. In carrot, DcARF is associated with vesicle-mediated transport to the plasma membrane, ER-to-Golgi transport, Golgi organization, protein retention in the ER, and regulation of auxin metabolism and proton transport. It is associated with phototropism, blue light sensitivity, leaf vein morphology, biomass yield, root mass density, water use efficiency, days to flowering, ethylene and abscisic acid sensitivity, oxidative and low temperature stress responses, disease tolerance, and leaf senescence. The gene product localizes to Golgi-associated vesicles, COPII-coated vesicles, the cis-Golgi network, early endosomes, and the ER membrane. Studies of related genes in other species connect the ARF family to phototropic growth, chloroplast relocation, stomatal aperture regulation, and salt and drought tolerance.