CHS — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_030785 (CHS1) on carrot chromosome 9 encodes a chalcone synthase family protein with polyketide synthase type-III domains and multiple annotated enzyme activities including naringenin-chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 4-reductase, flavonol synthase, and tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activities. The gene is associated with anthocyanin, flavonoid, chalcone and polyketide biosynthesis, regulation of phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin metabolism, and responses to UV, UV-B, jasmonic acid, oxidative stress, gravity, and heat acclimation. It is linked to root color, anthocyanin content, flowering time, root morphology, photosynthetic rate, respiration rate, stomatal opening, and abiotic stress responses including salt and drought tolerance. The protein localizes to the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and tonoplast. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to pollen exine development, male fertility, seed coat pigmentation, and disease resistance.