CHS — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_030786 (CHS-1) on carrot chromosome 9 encodes a chalcone synthase, a type III polyketide synthase with chalcone/stilbene synthase domains and thiolase-like fold. The enzyme exhibits naringenin-chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 4-reductase, flavonol synthase, and tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activities. In carrot, CHS-1 is associated with chalcone, polyketide, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and flavonol biosynthesis, as well as regulation of phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin metabolism. It is linked to responses to UV-B, jasmonic acid, oxidative stress, gravity, heat acclimation, and auxin polar transport. The gene has been connected to agronomic traits including anthocyanin content, flowering time, root morphology, root phototropism, photosynthetic rate, respiration rate, stomatal opening, and abiotic stress tolerance. It localizes to the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and tonoplast. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to pollen exine development, male fertility, seed coat pigmentation, and disease resistance.