CHS — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_026111 (DcCHS) on carrot chromosome 7 encodes a protein with chalcone/stilbene synthase and type III polyketide synthase domains. The enzyme exhibits naringenin-chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 4-reductase, dihydroflavanol 4-reductase, flavonol synthase, and tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activities. DcCHS is associated with anthocyanin, flavonoid, chalcone, and polyketide biosynthesis, as well as pollen wall assembly, auxin polar transport, and responses to UV-B, jasmonic acid, gravity, and heat acclimation. The protein localizes to the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and tonoplast. DcCHS is linked to traits including anthocyanin content, flowering time, root morphology, photosynthetic rate, stomatal opening, and abiotic stress responses such as salt and drought tolerance. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to flower and root color, male fertility, pollen exine formation, and disease resistance.