PAL — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_014989 (PAL3) on carrot chromosome 4 encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) with ammonia-lyase and DNA-binding transcription factor activities, belonging to the Phe_NH3-lyase family. In carrot, PAL3 is associated with anthocyanin synthesis, phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolism, salicylic acid breakdown, drought recovery, systemic acquired resistance, UV-B response, circadian rhythm, guard cell fate commitment, and negative regulation of cytokinin signalling. It localises to the cytosol, nucleus and SCF complex. The gene is linked to root colour, anthocyanin content, photosynthetic and respiration rates, UV light sensitivity, disease resistance, chilling tolerance, salt stress tolerance, freezing tolerance, and responses to wounding, pathogens, copper stress and magnetic fields. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to drought tolerance, heat tolerance, fruit shelf life, virus resistance, powdery mildew resistance, root yield and root weight.