CIN4 — Brachypodium distachyon

Summary

Brachypodium distachyon gene CIN4 (BRADI_4G27430V3) encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme with histone H2B deubiquitinase, metallopeptidase, and ubiquitin ligase activities. It is associated with DNA damage tolerance, proteasomal protein catabolic processes, protein polyubiquitination, endosomal transport, COP9 signalosome assembly, and regulation of photomorphogenesis and circadian clock entrainment. The gene is linked to flowering time under short-day conditions, anthocyanin and abscisic acid metabolism, and floral organ identity specification. Associations include responses to drought, salt, UV light, and powdery mildew, as well as traits such as boron and zinc sensitivity, phosphorus uptake, root mass density, stamen length, seedling hypocotyl length, and seed dormancy. The protein localizes to the nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex, proteasome, and COP9 signalosome. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to cold and osmotic stress tolerance, cell cycle progression, and light signaling.