H4 — Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Summary

BvH4 (BVRB_5G125910) on sugar beet chromosome Bvchr5_un.sca018 encodes a protein with a histone-fold domain and CENP-T/H4_C region, and is annotated with histone acetylase, deacetylase, methylase, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase activities, as well as calmodulin and DNA binding. It is associated with nucleosome assembly, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, telomeric silencing, and the upregulation of vernalization response. The gene is linked to flowering time, photoperiodism, and the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, along with seed maturation, secondary shoot formation, and responses to UV-B, hydrogen peroxide, and mechanical stimulus. Associations also include bacterial blight disease resistance, chloroplast development, leaf and root morphology, stomatal closure, and sensitivity to brassinosteroids and abscisic acid. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to circadian rhythm, pre-mRNA splicing, and disease resistance.