HMA1 — Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Summary

BvHMA1 (BVRB_6G127490) on sugar beet chromosome 6 encodes a P-type ATPase with monovalent and divalent copper transporter activity, zinc transporter activity, cadmium-exporting ATPase activity, and histone methylase activity. The gene is associated with detoxification of zinc, copper, and cadmium ions, copper and zinc ion transport and homeostasis, response to cobalt ion and toxic substances, regulation of root morphogenesis, and the photosynthetic electron transport chain. It has been linked to traits including copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, bacterial disease response, oxidative stress response, high temperature stress response, ethylene sensitivity, flowering time, leaf senescence, germination rate, and stomatal opening and closure. The encoded protein localizes to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane, vacuolar membrane, chromatin, and other cellular compartments. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to copper transport, heavy metal detoxification, and photosensitivity under high light.