PIN4 — Arabidopsis thaliana

Summary

AT2G01420, known as PIN4 (PIN-FORMED 4) in Arabidopsis thaliana, encodes a member of the auxin efflux carrier family, characterized by an Auxin_eff_plant domain and annotated with both auxin efflux and influx transmembrane transporter activities, as well as inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity and phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding. The PIN4 protein localizes to the basal plasma membrane, recycling endosome, and clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles, and is associated with auxin signalling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and regulation of phragmoplast microtubule organization. PIN4 is linked to root system depth, gravity response, phototropism, lateral root number, adventitious root number, seed set percent, shoot growth angle, leaf vein morphology, stamen morphology, and responses to aluminum, manganese, blue light, and osmotic stress. Studies of related genes in other species connect the PIN4 family to shoot architecture, parthenocarpic fruit development, and overall plant development.