B1 — Zea mays
Summary
ZM00001EB403700, designated B1 (also known as ZmBCH1, ZmCHY1, or BETA-OHASE-2) on maize chromosome 9, encodes a beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.15.24) belonging to the fatty acid hydroxylase family. The gene is associated with carotenoid and xanthophyll metabolism, endosperm development, and chloroplast membrane localisation. It has been linked to lutein, carotene, and total carotenoid content, as well as proline levels. Phenotypic associations include altered seed carotenoid profiles with increased beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls, reduced seed carotenoids with elevated beta-carotene, and changes in nonphotochemical quenching and seed germination. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to carotenoid hydroxylation, lutein deficiency, drought tolerance, and grain yield traits.
Annotations
- Chromosome
- 9
- Related genes
- B1, B2
- GO terms
- Memory, Short-term Memory, Learning, iron binding, carotenoid anabolism, Hydrolase Activity, Chloroplast Membrane, Endosperm Development
- Publications
- 21388418, 25793376, 25781018, PMID:20221689, PMID:23396829, PMID:31010822, PMID:18650403, PMID:42109302
- Traits
- β-carotene accumulation, seed germination, Reduced carotenoid levels in seeds, decreased xanthophyll content, Reduced xanthophyll synthesis in leaves, altered carotenoid composition, High lutein content, Severely reduced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), Reduced Beta-Carotene to Beta-Xanthophyll Conversion, Normal chlorophyll a/b ratio