APAO — Zea mays

Summary

ZM00001EB413630 (ZmAPAO) on maize chromosome 10 encodes a polyamine oxidase with FAD binding and redox activity, annotated with N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase, spermine oxidase, and thermospermine oxidase activities. The gene is associated with polyamine metabolism, including spermidine, spermine, and thermospermine breakdown, as well as cellular senescence, apoptotic processes, and CAM photosynthesis. It localizes to the apoplast, plant-type cell wall, mitochondria, and nucleus. ZmAPAO is linked to agronomically important traits such as grain yield, grain weight, plant height, leaf senescence, chlorophyll content, and tolerance to salt, heat, and cold stress. It is also associated with seedling vigor, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal resistance. Related genes in other species connect the family to polyamine catabolism, abscisic acid response, and stay-green phenotypes.