SH2 — Zea mays

Summary

ZM00001EB159060 (SH2, also known as AGPL3) on maize chromosome 3 encodes the large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase; EC 2.7.7.27), an enzyme with ADGase activity that binds ATP. This gene is associated with starch synthesis in the endosperm, including endosperm starch content and biosynthesis. It localises to the amyloplast, cytosol and the glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex. SH2 is linked to numerous grain traits, including starch yield, amylose and amylopectin content, grain filling period, seed weight, grain shape and width, ear weight and length, lysine content, and endosperm texture phenotypes such as wrinkled, sugary, brittle, floury and dull endosperm. It is also linked to stem angle, leaf area index, root elongation, cadmium concentration, and responses to starvation and abiotic stress. Studies of related genes in other species associate the family with grain filling, thousand kernel weight, seed number per spike, tiller angle and domestication.