HMA4 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD6BV1G069130, designated TtHMA4 on durum wheat chromosome 6B, encodes a P-type ATPase with heavy-metal-associated domains and annotated activities including P-type divalent and monovalent copper transporter activity, cadmium-exporting ATPase activity, and P-type zinc transporter activity. The gene is associated with copper ion transport, cellular copper ion homeostasis, detoxification of copper ions, and responses to copper and hyperosmotic salinity. It has been linked to traits including copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, oxidative stress response, leaf senescence, flowering time, germination rate, root and flower development, and stomatal opening and closure. Associations also connect TtHMA4 to viral resistance, copper accumulation and detoxification, ethylene signaling, and histone methylation. Related genes in other species are linked to histone H3 lysine 4 methylation, flowering time, and defense responses.