HMA4 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD6BV1G073550 (symbol HMA4, also known as TtHMA4) on durum wheat chromosome 6B encodes a P-type ATPase A domain-containing protein and a P-type Cu(+) transporter, belonging to the heavy-metal-associated domain family. The gene is associated with copper ion transport, cellular copper ion homeostasis, and detoxification of copper ions, as well as responses to copper, toxic substances, and oxidative stress. It has been linked to traits including copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, leaf senescence, flowering time, root morphology, germination rate, and stomatal opening and closure. Associations also extend to ethylene sensitivity, high temperature stress response, and viral resistance. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to grain yield, grain protein content, zinc and iron content, heading date, panicle size, and chlorophyll content.